OBC notes 1-2

article 15 prohibits discrimination on Grounds of religion, race, caste or place of birth. Article 15 Section 4 and 5 allows government to make special provisions for socially and backward classes.
Article 16 provides equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. Section 4 allows reservation for backward classes.
38 and 39 dpsp.
Article 338 b provides Commission for investigating conditions and difficulties of socially and educationally backward classes.
Article 340 A President to notify Central and state list of OBC.

Mandal Commission estimated 52% of population as OBC where as National Sample Survey organisation 61st round estimated 41%. OBC list is based on Mandal Commission report and list created by States. Central list of OBC also maintained.
The 11 indicators formulated by the commission are:

Castes/classes where the number of children in the age group of 5 to 15 years who never attended school is at least 25% above the state average.
Castes/classes where the rate of student drop-out in the age group of 5-15 years is at least 25% above the state average.
Castes/classes amongst whom the proportion of matriculates is at least 25% below the state average

Castes/classes where the average value of family assets is at least 25% below the state average.
Castes/classes where the number of families living in kachcha houses is at least 25 % above the state average.
Castes/classes where the source of drinking water is beyond half a kilometer for more than 50% of the households.
Castes/classes where the number of the house-holds having taken a consumption loan is at least 25% above the state average.

G Rohini report will show the situation of OBC and it will create sub categorisation of OBC so that benefits can be given equally. Idate Commission created for improving social economic conditions of these tribes.

Indra Sawhney casepoint backward classes in article 16 clause 4 can be identified on the basis of caste system and not only on economic basis.
Backward classes in 16 (4) are not similar to socially and educationally backward in article 15 (4).
Exclude creamy layer from backward classes.
classification of backward classes in to backward and more backward classes is allowed.
Reservation shall not exceed 50%. No reservation in promotion.

National backward class Commission given constitutional status through 102nd constitutional amendment.
Welfare schemes

Pre and post matric scholarship
Hostels
27% reservation in jobs and education.
National Backward classes finance and Development Corporation. For skilling and cheap credit.
NGO assistance
Coaching to compete for govt jobs.
Mudra Yojana. Aspiration districts.

Mandal Commission also show show in cluded 50% of non Hindu population in the OBC.
Bengali settlers in Andaman.
Qureshi Muslims.
Scheduled castes converted to Christianity. Assam
Tea garden tribes Assam. Low wage, poor work conditions, poor education.
Jogi Fakir, lohar, etc
Supreme Court in 2014 ask the government to include transgenders in OBC. Nalsa case. Trans are excluded from family, society, education and jobs.
Some denotified tribes also included. Exclusion from govt benefits, police harassment.
Ncbc also thinking about including orphans in OBC list.

OBC movement led by DMK in Tamilnadu uplifted their status and provided 69% reservation.
notable shift in the backward class movement away from the clamour for Satya status towards a demand for Greater access to state resources representation in Civic institutions and benefits of reservation like education and jobs. N Yadav 2002 epw.
Jats and patels want reservation and started protests. Politicization of caste.
Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) show that as on January 1, 2017, only 17% of the Group A officers in the 24 Ministries belong to the OBCs. The representation among the Group B officers is even lower at 14%.
Likewise, only 11% of the Group C employees are from the OBCs and in Group D, the figure is 10%.
Data: OBCs just 12% of lower court judges
It’s been ten years since OBC reservations for university faculty members went into effect, but representation in these circles still remains marginal. In fact, the University Grants Commission (UGC), in a reply to an RTI, has declared that there are no OBC faculty members at the professor and associate professor levels in any of the 40 central universities. Additionally, and that OBC reservations are implemented only at the entry level, that is, at assistant professor-level.