Article 15, 16 , 330, 332, 243. Reservation for SC ST OBC and now economic weaker sections. To correct historic injustice.
Working.
economic weaker section seats are not filled at school.
Not to transgenders, dalit Christians and Muslims, disabled seats not filled
Scheduled tribe and scheduled caste are underrepresented in group A and group B services about 5 to 8%. Less than 5% professors are SC ST. Lots of vacancies.
In education institutions still face discrimination. Although numbers and colleges are representative but dropout rates are high at class 10th 12th.
Lifted political power in panchayats. focus on health sanitation government service delivery better.
Dropout 52 60% at class 10th. Private sector less than 10% top jobs. Discrimination continues. Secretary jobs not proportionate.
Problems.
Static reservation so specific groups dominant class within caste or tribe takes all the benefits like Meena from St and jats in Rajasthan OBC quota.
Used for politicization of caste. Mobilization of people and support. Like demanding quota to private sector.
Ignore other deprivations like stratification within caste or tribe, orphans, destitute women, transgenders.
Giving rise to be pseudo tribalization and de sanskritization. Jat Maratha Patidar.
Reforms.
Need to mix reservation with other reforms
Pratap Bhanu Mehta suggest affirmative action without reservation which means focusing on education health and food to increase the capability of the people.
Set up permanent body to keep evaluating groups which need reservation and evolve criteria.
Introduce creamy layer in SC ST reservation.
include transgender orphan.
Evidence based reservation use Aadhar Card and other data.