Development led Displacement - loss of tribal identity social breakdown lowered status of women mental trauma loss of livelihood. Saxena 2009 development is war A Ekka 2012. State of aadivasi.
Languages - like Khasi - becoming endagered. UNESCO language atlas.
Migration to urban cities and slums. Delhi
PVTG - mankadia - facing population decline malnutrition and hypertension. Eviction from national parks and loss of common pastures. Rstv 2016.
Denotified Antibeggary law, wildlife act and habitat of offenders act push tribals like sapera towards begging. Idate panel.
Urbanisation. Mandal study hatia district and Vidyarthi show changes in tribal language belief food culture. Rising arrange marriages, gambling and addiction in children, loss of parents authority.
Reduced belief in bongaISM in Mundas and caste features in bhumij
Stratification in tribals due to benefits. Oraon stratified in rourkela due to urbanisation and education. E Ghosh 2013.
Authority of village head man reduced eg in nagas. Rstv. 2016.
with forest rights act pesa act, efforts to revive culture seen. Safeguarding language, commercialization of art and craft and beverages like mahua and warli art. Audio visual repository by tribal ministry.
Educated aadivasi youth trying to revive their identity.
Csse study rstv 2016. Andaman tribes onge and jarawa. Decline in population and mixing with migrants. Getting habit of tobacco and alcohol. Vulnerable to diseases from outside contact. Andaman Trunk Road has violated their privacy. Reduced economy for hunting and depend on government support and begging on the roads.
Majumdar
Primitives.
Who adopted Hinduism and caste.
Hinduised but away from caste system.
Elwin
Live primitive life
Like solitude and traditions but less simple Santhal and Munda