Tribal health 1-2

Tribal health

As per wh0 health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being not just absence of disease.

Tribal health status. Nfhs 3 and 4 census 2011.

St vsAll India

Life expectancy 64 67

Infant mortality 44 and 40

Anaemia in women 60% and 53%

Child stunting 27% and 21%

Non ST

Tobacco use 72% and 56%

Tap water 11% and 28%

Immunisations 56% 72%

Observations by Ajay bang 2018 and zaza report 2014

Types of diseases

Due to under development. Malnutrition, communicable diseases HIV and TB, child and maternal mortality
Specific to tribals. Animal bites, accidents and sickle cell anaemia.
Due to modernity. Hypertension alcoholism and drug abuse specially in North East.

Reasons

historic - land alienation, exploitation and deforestation by Britishers, outsider's and govt apathy.
Tribal diet is poor in nutrition protein vitamin iron. Eg sahariya tribe.
Determinants of health - WASH Water and sanitation - poor
Inadequate Health infrastructure, staff, medicines, Access to health centres. Faced by chenchus of Prakasam district.

Solutions

Tribal participation in programs and schemes
Include local healers in healthcare system
Organised tribal health councils and annual health assembly
Robust database to monitor tribal health

So we need anthropological approach to improve tribal health.

Niehoff 1966. kalahandi case study. Small pox

Mgnrega ranchi jal mission