Blood group as genetic markers 1-2
Blood group as genetic markers
Genetic markers are sections of DNA with known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or study disease and traits.
Landsteiner 1900s discovered, humans have four principal blood groups. 1924 bernstein found ABO inheritance mode.
They are good genetic markers because
They our hereditary and not influenced by environment.
Follow mendelian inheritance, so simple to study.
Stable frequency
They are discrete so they are either present or absent.
Blood group types
O. in South American tribes. due to genetic drift. Canadian eskimos. British isles Norway. North Australia and arabia'.
B. Mostly in Central East Asia Himalayan region North India. Rare/low in polynesia, Africa and Australia
A. Frequent in Europe (Lapland and Armenia). eskimos from Alaska to Greenland. Australia has high frequency 40%. Rare in south and Central America.
Globally blood group O has 62% a is 22% and b is 16 %.
Applications. Paternity test, blood transfusion, used as genetic markers in study of diseases by glaucoma and leukaemia. Primate study.