Boys and girls adolescence 1-2

Auxiliary hair and facial hair 2 years after pubic hair growth.

Body hair depends on heredity

Larynx enlargement when penis growth complete

Changes in breast. Areola enlarges in diameter and darkens.

Broad shoulders and wide chest.

Sperm appear in early morning urine samples few months after peak height velocity.

Kant 1980, icmr 1984. Puberty in Indian boys takes longer than Western countries.

Appearance of breast bud first sign of puberty but variation in time of occurrence. Sometimes pubic hair may proceed breast Bud.

Menarche just after the peak of height spurt. But initial menstrual cycles without ovulation. Five to six year after menarche 75% ovulation.

Widening of hips high pitch and smoothening of skin.

Menarche depends on social economic and nutritional status. South Africa 13.5 and 14 years. Singapore 12.5 and 14.5 India 12.8 and 13.8 years of age. Slovenia 13.2 and 14.2.

Tripathi 1987 study age at menarche in Delhi 11.2 Calcutta 12.5 Gujarat 14.8 therefore median age of Indian girls 13 and urban society girls experience earlier than rural groups.

Adolescent growth spurt is more in boys than girls. Physical strength and endurance increases. Larger muscles in boys. Large heart and lungs with great oxygen capacity. Increase number of red blood cells. difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.