Fertility and fecundity 1-1

Fecundity is the potential of an organism to reproduce and measured by gamets and health of organism. 

Fertility is the actual rate of reproduction of an organism. Measured by the offspring produced.

Fecundity is influenced by : ovulation, physical health, disease, psychological condition, age etc. Usually 15-49. Menopause begins and menopause ends. 1 to 3% women in societies are infecund. JW Woods 1989.

Fertility depends on : frequency of mating, social attitudes, economic status, education of women, class, region, healthy diet, religion, safe delivery. In India there is high fertility rate in lower caste and class groups while graduate women have lower fertility rate. In Kerala 0lppfertility is lower.  Census 2011 data.

Relevance. Designing healthcare system. Designing policy. Allocating funds. Demographic theory and predictions.

Modern techniques of in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction, hormone therapy are used to cure infertility. 

2.2 tfr in 2017 India. Bihar 3.2 Kerala 1.7

Urban 1.7 rural 2.4

Illiterate women 2.9 

Decline in fertility after 30.

Hindu 2.1 Muslims 2.6 Christian 2 Sikh 1.6