Only 13% of 40mha eligible forest area under FRA coverage. 50 gram sabhas of gondia got 2.5 cr from tendupatta after coop. 10 crore tribals and 42 lakh claims filed. Forest cover under community reserves in Maharashtra increased from 6% to 8% from 2000 till 2014.
Climactic period in womens fecundity. After this menstrual period stops permanently. Usually at age of 59.
Biological impact
Loss of oestrogen which causes hot flashes feeling of intense heat.
Sweating and rapid heartbeat.
Dryness in vagina.
Fatigueanxiety and mood swings.
Difficulty in sleeping. Can be handled by hormone therapy.
Irregular periods.
India 45 average. Philippines 44 UK 51.
Nutrition climate and ethnicity genetics effect. Increased age with butter nutrition. Smoking can also reduce the age.
It is virtually the end of fecundity. Even at the age of 35 problems in conceiving increase. But modern techniques like in vitro fertilization can help.
Culture. In Hinduism it marks the age of wisdom and experience in women and allows her participation in cultural activities like ok entering Hindu temples. Not considered considered as polluted anymore
In USA it is considered negative and stressful. in Japan it is viewed as positively and freedom from pregnancy.
Sahariya mp. Menarche at 13.5 and menopause at 44.6. due to malnutrition lack of health facility and stress full life.
Majumdar study impact of environment shows that in garo khasi hills hill tribe have late menarche with similar social economic condition with plain people.