Blumenback 1779. Caucasian American Mongolian Ethiopian Malayan. Natural history.

skin colour depends on exposure to the sun and melanin in skin. recent study shows that earliest inhabitants of United Kingdom were black and blue eyed

Cephalic index study by Franz boas showed that it was influenced by environment as a genetics. Negroid have dolichocephalic. Caucasoids have mesocephalic. Mongoloid have broad and round head.

Blood groups have frequency of all types but variation due to genetic drift like American Indians have O blood group in high-frequency India has B and Europe has a but no clear card division. Malaria.

Height. Depends on nutrition exercise environment. Qiang Lai 2006. 60 to 80% depends on genetics and 22 40% depends on nutrition and environment.

Eyes. Mongoloids have epicanthic fold. Snowy areas reflect light and it is important to protect eyes from damage. Dark eyes in negroids. Caucasoid have Blue green and various types of eyes.

Nose. Nasal bridge can be straight concave-convex for angular. Pointed tips in caucasoid. Round nasal tip in mongoloid who have concave bridge and the nasal route is wide and flat. Negroes have prominent broad nose. Depends on genetic drift, sex selection temperature absolute humidity and so on. Plos 2017 study.

hair. Wooly friendly straight long red. Multiple mutations act on them and negroid characters present without wooly hair. Straight and sleek hair with mongoloids. Caucasoids have curly wavy hair. Hauschild show the wooly hais can be from various genotype.

Livingstone 1962 and hgp project. Races do not exist

Racial formation theory by omi and winant. They look at race as socially constructed identity based on social economic and political forces. Its functions as reducing the freedom of movement of the race, limiting upward mobility, prohibiting economic gain, psychological impact.

Race formation 2-2