Serogenetics and cytogenetic 1 - 1

IN MALES AND FEMALES THERE ARE SPECIALISED SEX GLANDS CALLED TESTES AND OVARIES RESPECTIVELY WHICH CONDUCT EXOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF FORMING SPERM AND OVA.

Serum protein regulate this process at the level of gonads and brain.

In males, leydig cells produce testosterone in females thecal cells of ovary secrete oestrogen and progesterone is secreted by Corpus luteum. 

during pregnancy

Applications. Developed hormonal injections like testosterone to correct bone density and muscle mass. Oxytocin to is child labour induce abortion and treating diseases.

in males sertoli cells leydig cells and germ cells sperms are studied. Sertoli cells are called diploid testicular cells which help in maturation of sperms. Leydig cells synthesise testosterone. germ cells spermatogonia are fast dividing diploid cells which turn into spermatids and mature into sperms in sertoli cells.

In females primordial follicles have diploid oogonia surrounded by diploid granulosa cells which turns into primary follicles then secondary follicle. Finally turn into secondary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells. secondary oocyte passes out from ovary during ovulation and fertilizers with the sperm to create zygote. 

Applications in identifying disorders like down syndrome. developing artificial insemination techniques in vitro fertilization. Creating three parent baby through mitochondrial replacement.