Recombinant DNA technology is joining DNA molecules - often from two different species - to produce genetic combinations that are value for science medicine agriculture industry etc. Largely result of work of Paul Berg, Daniel Nathan and others in 1970s
Techniques for injection
Electroporation
Gene gun
Nanoparticles
Retrovirus or adenovirus
Magnetofection
Diagram
Selection and isolation of desired DNA sequence using restriction enzyme.
Selection of suitable vector plasmid or virus
Introduce desired DNA into vector.
Insert vector into host cells like E coli bacteria
Selection of transformed host cells.
Multiplication of desired cells
Applications
Gene structure mapping and function analysis
Biosynthesis of insulin and growth hormones
Agriculture nitrogen fixation
Gene therapy and control genetic diseases ADA
Diagnosis. Detect virus and bacteria.
Cystic fibrosis and gene therapy application.
Vaccine. Hepatitis B.
Limitations
Safety precautions to avoid hazards
Unknown effects in the long-term like cancer and biodiversity loss
Ethical concerns like misuse and human genetic engineering
With crisper cas 9 technique it will be revolutionized.